“The white policeman, standing on a Harlem street
corner, finds himself at the very center of the revolution now occurring in the
world. He is not prepared for it -- naturally, nobody is -- and, what is
possibly much more to the point, he is exposed, as few white people are, to the
anguish of the black people around him. Even if he is gifted with the merest
mustard grain of imagination, something must seep in. He cannot avoid observing
that some of the children, in spite of their color, remind him of children he
has known and loved, perhaps even of his own children. He knows that he
certainly does not want his children living this way. He can retreat from his
uneasiness in only one direction: into a callousness which very shortly becomes
second nature. He becomes more callous, the population becomes more hostile,
the situation grows more tense, and the police force is increased. One day, to
everyone's astonishment, someone drops a match in the powder keg and everything
blows up. Before the dust has settled or the blood congealed, editorials,
speeches, and civil-rights commissions are loud in the land, demanding to know
what happened. What happened is that Negroes want to be treated like
men.”—African-American novelist and essayist James Baldwin (1924-1987), “Fifth
Avenue, Uptown,” originally published in Esquire,
July 1960, reprinted in Nobody Knows My Name (1960)
Psychologically wounded himself by ongoing racism, James
Baldwin described the situation facing America 60 years ago in words that
themselves continue to stab with a shock of recognition. It certainly describes
the cycle of mutual fear and unrest, the “match in the powder keg,” the
blow-up, and the demands ‘to know what happened” that we are now seeing.
True, so much has changed in American life—and including
the relative prospects of African-Americans—in the years since in terms of
voting rights and equality of opportunity. But the sense of police as an
occupying force in African-American communities remains visceral, as seen this
past week in the swelling unrest in the wake of the death of George Floyd in
Minnesota.
“Occupying force” may take on a whole new level of
meaning with President Trump’s recent threats that, if local officials didn’t “dominate
the streets,” the federal government would step in. It all has the whiff of
martial law.
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